Immunogenicity of Botulinum Toxin A: Insights
webmaster2024-09-01T00:00:00+00:00BACKGROUND: Botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used in treating dystonia and spasticity to managing chronic migraine and cosmetic applications. However, its immunogenic potential presents challenges, such as the development of neutralizing antibodies that lead to diminished therapeutic efficacy over time, known as secondary nonresponse. OBJECTIVE: This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap regarding [...]







